UNDERSTANDING Aqeedah of Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah
ByAl-Yazid ibn Abd al-Qadir Ustadz Jawas
D. Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah definitionAhlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah are:Those who take what ever taken by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and the Companions of Allaah anhum. Called Ahlus Sunnah, due to strong (they) hold and berittiba '(follow) the Sunnah of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam and the Companions of Allaah anhum.
As-Sunnah according to the language (etymology) is the path / way, whether good or bad way. [1]
Meanwhile, according to the scholars 'aqeedah (terminology), the Sunnah is a guide that has been done by the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam and his Companions, both about science, i'tiqad (belief), word and deed. And this is Sunnah to be followed, those who follow him will be praised and denounced those who would menyalahinya. [2]
Understanding of the Sunnah by Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali rahimahullah (d. 795 H): "As-Sunnah is the road taken, including in it cling to what is being implemented Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and the caliph who guided and straight form i 'tiqad (belief), words and deeds. That's the perfect Sunnah. Therefore, the previous generation of the Salaf As-Sunnah do not call anything except to cover all three aspects. It is narrated from Imam Hasan al-Basri (d.. 110 H), Imam al-Auza'i (d.. 157 H) and Imam Fudhail bin 'Iyadh (d.. 187 H). "[3]
Called al-Jama'ah, because they are united in the truth, not broken to-sides in religious matters, gathered under the leadership of the Imam (who adhered to) al-haqq (truth), not getting out of their congregation and follow what has been a deal Salaful Ummah. [4]
Jama'ah according to the scholars' aqeedah (terminology) is the first generation of this ummah, which is among the Companions, Tabi'ut Tabi'in as well as those who follow in goodness until the Day of Judgment, as gathered in the truth. [5]
Imam Abu Shammah rahimahullah Shafi'i (d.. 665 H) said: "The order to hold on to the congregation, the intention is to stick to the truth and follow it. Although the carry bit and the Sunnah that menyalahinya much. Because the truth is what is being implemented by the first congregation, which held the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and his Companions without looking to the people who deviate (do baatil) after them. "
As was stated by Ibn Mas'ud Allaah anhu: [6]
الجماعة ما وافق الحق وإن كنت وحدك.
"Al-Jama'ah is following the truth even if you are alone." [7]
So, Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah is the one who has the nature and character to follow the Sunnah of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and away from the new matters and innovations in religion.
Because they are the ones who ittiba '(to follow) to the Sunnah of the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam and follow Atsar (trace Salaful Ummah), then they are also called Ahlul Hadeeth, Ahlul Atsar and Ahlul Ittiba '. In addition, they also said to be ath-Ta-ifatul Manshuurah (groups who have God's help), al-Firqatun Naajiyah (Saved Sect), ghurabaa '(foreigners).
Of ath-Ta-ifatul Manshuurah, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam said:
لاتزال من أمتي أمة قائمة بأمر الله لا يضرهم من خذلهم ولا من خالفهم حتى يأتيهم أمر الله وهم على ذلك.
"There had always been a party of my ummah to always uphold the commandments of God, will not harm those who do not help them and their people to come menyelisihi commandments of God and they stay on top of this sort." [8]
About al-ghurabaa ', the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
بدأ الإسلام غريبا, وسيعود كما بدأ غريبا, فطوبى للغرباء.
"Islam was initially foreign, and foreigners will return one day as the beginning, then lucky for al-ghurabaa '(foreigners)." [9]
While the meaning of al-ghurabaa 'is as narrated by' Abdullah bin 'Amr ibn al-`Allaah anhuma when one day the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam explained the meaning of al-ghurabaa ', he sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam said:
أناس صالحون في أناس سوء كثير من يعصيهم أكثر ممن يطيعهم.
"People who worships at the center of many poor people, people who disobey them more than they obey." [10]
Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam also said about the meaning of al-ghurabaa':
الذين يصلحون عند فساد الناس.
"That is, people are constantly improving (ummah) in the midst of the destruction of mankind." [11]
In the history of the others mentioned:
... الذين يصلحون ما أفسد الناس من بعدي من سنتي.
"That the people who fix Sunnahku (the Sunnah of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam) after destroyed by man." [12]
Ahlus Sunnah, ath-Tha-ifah al-Mansurah and al-Firqatun Najiyah it is also called Ahlul Hadeeth. The mention of Ahlus Sunnah, al-ath-Thaifah Mansurah and al-Firqatun Najiyah the Ahlul Hadeeth something famous and known since the generation of the Salaf, because the mention of it is the demands of the texts and in accordance with the conditions and realities. It is narrated with a saheeh sanad from the Imams such as: 'Abdullah Ibn al-Mubarak:' Ali Ibn Madini, Ahmad bin Hanbal, al-Bukhari, Ahmad ibn Sinan [13] and others, رحمهم الله.
Imam Shafi'i [14] (d.. 204 H) rahimahullah said: "When I see a hadith expert, as if I saw one of the Companions of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, I hope God gives you the best rewardto them. They have to keep the points for our religion and we must thank for their efforts. "[15]
Imam Ibn Hazm azh-Zhahiri (d.. 456 H) describes the Ahlus Sunnah rahimahullah: "Ahlus Sunnah we mentioned that the Ahl-ul-haqq, while in addition they are Ahlul Bid'ah. For surely it is Ahlus Sunnah of the Companions of Allaah anhum and everyone who followed them from the Tabi'in manhaj selected, then the hadith ash-haabul and who follow them from the jurists of each generation, until in our time as well as lay people who follow them both in the east and the west. "[16]
E. History of the emergence of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah termNaming the term Ahlus Sunnah has been there since the first generation of Islam in the past that glorified God, namely generation of Companions, Tabi'in and Tabiut Tabi'in.
'Abdullah bin' Abbas Allaah anhuma [17] said when interpreting the word of Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala:
يوم تبيض وجوه وتسود وجوه فأما الذين اسودت وجوههم أكفرتم بعد إيمانكم فذوقوا العذاب بما كنتم تكفرون
"On the Day when there is a white face brightened, and there is also a black face grim. As for those who face grim black (to be said): 'Why do you disbelieve after your believing? Taste it Allaah caused disbelief. '"[Ali' Imran: 106]
"The white people who face them are Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah, his face black as for the person they are Ahlul Bid'ah and misguided." [18]
Then the term Ahlus Sunnah is followed by most scholars رحمهم الله Salaf, among them:
1.Ayyub as-Sikhtiyani rahimahullah (d.. 131 H), he said: "When I reported on the death of one of the Ahlus Sunnah as though lost one of my limbs."
2. Sufyan ath-Tsaury rahimahullah (d.. 161 H) said: "I wasiatkan you to stick to the Ahlus Sunnah well, because they are al-ghurabaa '. It would at least Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah. "[19]
3. Fudhail bin 'Iyadh rahimahullah [20] (d.. 187 H) said: "... Say Ahlus Sunnah: Faith is faith, words and deeds."
4. Abu 'Ubaid al-Qasim ibn Sallam rahimahullah (th life. 157-224 H) says in his book Muqaddimah, al-Iimaan [21]: "... And in fact if you ask me about faith, disputes the people about the perfection of faith, to grow and the reduction of faith and you say as if you wanted to know about faith at all in the way of Ahlus Sunnah ... "
5. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal rahimahullah [22] (th life. 164-241 H), he says in his book Muqaddimah, As-Sunnah: "This is the schools of Ahl-ul-'ilmi, ash-haabul atsar and Ahlus Sunnah, they are known as followers of Sunnah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and his Companions, since the time of the Companions of Allaah anhum until at the present time ... "
6. Imam Ibn Jarir Tabari rahimahullah (d.. 310 H) said: "... As for the right of the words on the belief that the Faithful will see God on Judgment Day, then it is our religion with religion, and we know thatAhlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah argues that the inhabitants of heaven will see God in accordance with the authentic story of the Prophet Shaallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam. "[23]
7. Imam Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad ath-Thahawi rahimahullah (th life. 239-321 H). He says in the book Muqaddimah 'famous aqidahnya (al-' Aqiidatuth Thahaawiyyah): "... This is the explanation of the 'Aqeedah of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah."
With penukilan, then it is clear to us that the Ahlus Sunnah lafazh already known among the Salaf (early generations of this ummah) and the scholars afterwards. The term Ahlus Sunnah is an absolute term as opposed to word Ahlul Bid'ah. The scholars of Ahlus Sunnah written explanation of the 'Aqeedah of Ahlus Sunnah Ummah to understand about' aqeedah is correct and to distinguish between them and the Ahlul Bid'ah. As has been done by Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Imam al-Barbahari, Imam ath-Thahawi and others.
And also as a rebuttal to those who argue that the term Ahlus Sunnah was first used by the group Asha'ira, but Asha'ira arise in the 3rd century and to-4 Hijriyyah. [24]
In essence, Asha'ira can not be attributed to the Ahlus Sunnah, because some fundamental differences in principles, among them:
A. Asha'ira menta'-class wil attributes of God Almighty, while Ahlus Sunnah define the attributes of God as laid down by Allah and His Messenger, such as istiwa nature ', face, hand, Al-Qur-an Kalamullah , and others.
2. Asha'ira group busied themselves with the science of kalam, while the scholars of Ahlus Sunnah instead criticizing science of kalam, as the explanation of Imam Shafi'i rahimahullah denounce science as kalam.
3. Asha'ira groups reject the authentic news about the attributes of God, they reject it with reason and qiyas (analogy) them. [25]
[Copied from the book Sharh Aqeedah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah, Author of Yazid ibn Abdul Qadir Jawas, Reader Publishers Imam ash-Shafi'i, Po Box 7803/JACC Jakarta 13340A, Third Printing 1427H/Juni 2006M]_______Footnote[1]. Lisaanul 'Arab (VI/399).[2]. Buhuuts fii 'Aqeedah Ahlis Sunnah (p. 16).[3]. Jaami'ul 'Uluum wal Hikam (p. 495) by Ibn Rajab, tahqiq and ta'liq Tariq ibn Muhammad ibn Awadhullah, cet. Ibn al-Daar Jauzy II-th. 1420 H.[4]. Mujmal Ushuul Ahlis Sunnah wal Jamaa'ah fil 'Aqiidah.[5]. Syarhul 'Aqiidah al-Waasithiyyah (p. 61) by Khalil Hirras.[6]. He is a Companion of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, his full name' Abdullah bin Mas'ud ibn al-Habib bin Ghafil Hadzali, Abu 'Abdirrahman, chief of Bani Zahra. He converted to Islam in the early days of Islam in Makkah, when Sa'id bin Zaid and his wife, Fatima al-Khattab bintu-Islam. He made two emigrated, having prayed at the two qibla, participated in the battle of Badr and other wars. He belonged to the 'alim of Al-Qur'an and its interpretation as has been acknowledged by the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam. He was sent by 'Umar ibn al-Khattab Allaah anhu to Kufa to teach the Muslims and sent by' Uthman Allaah anhu to Medina. He died in 32 of Allaah anhu H. See al-Ishaabah (II/368 no. 4954).[7]. Al-Baa'its 'alaa Inkaaril Bida' wal Hawaadits it. 91-92, tahqiq the famous Sheikh Salman bin Hasan and Ushuulil I'tiqaad Sharh al-Lalika-i (no. 160).[8]. HR. Al-Bukhari (no. 3641) and Muslim (no. 1037 (174)), of Mu'awiyah Allaah anhu.[9]. HR. Muslim (no. 145) from Abu Hurayrah Companions of Allaah anhu.[10]. HR. Ahmad (II/177, 222), Ibn Wadhdhah no. 168. This hadith classed as saheeh by Shaykh Ahmad Shakir in Musnad Imam Ahmad tahqiq (VI/207 no. 6650).See also Bashaa iru Dzawi nerve bi-Sharh Marwiyyati Manhajas the Salaf. 125.[11]. HR. Abu Ja'far ath-Thahawi in Sharh Musykilil Aatsaar (II/170 no. 689), al-i-Lalika Ushuul I'tiqaad Ahlis in Sharh Sunnah (no. 173) from the Friends of Jabir bin 'anhu Abdillah Allaah. This hadeeth saheeh li ghairihi because there are some syawahidnya. See Sharh Musykilil Aatsaar (II/170-171) and ash-Shahiihah Silsilatul Ahaadiits (no. 1273).[12]. HR. At-Tirmidhi (no. 2630), he said, "This hadeeth is hasan saheeh." From Friends 'Amr bin' Auf Allaah anhu.[13]. Sunan at-Tirmidhi: Kitaabul Fitan no. 2229. See Silsilatul Ahaadiits Shahiihah works of Imam al-Muhammad al-Albany Nashiruddin rahimahullah (I/539 no. 270) and the Ahlul-Ta Hadiits Humuth ifah Manshuurah work of Shaykh al-Dr. Rabi 'ibn Hadi al-Madkhali.[14]. T See his biography back in footnote no. 14.[15]. See A'laamin Nubalaa Siyar '(X/60).[16]. Al-fil Fishal Milal wal Ahwaa 'wan Nihal (II/271), Daarul Jiil, Beirut.[17]. He was a friend of the noble and includes the option of Allaah anhuma. His full name was 'Abdullah bin' Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib al-Qurasyi Hasyimi, the son of the Prophet's uncle sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam, commentator Al-Qur'an and Muslim leaders in the field of interpretation. He was given the title of the clergy and ocean sciences, because of extensive knowledge on the field of Tafseer, Arabic language and poetry. He was called by the Khilafat-ur Rashidun to be consulted and considered in various cases. He had been governor of Allaah anhu at the time of 'Uthman Allaah H anhu 35 years, joined together to fight the Kharijites' Ali, intelligent and powerful hujjahnya. Being 'Amir in Basrah, then lived in Ta'if until his death 68 years H. He was born three years before the hijra. See al-Ishaabah (II/330, no. 4781).[18]. See Tafsiir Ibni Katsiir (I/419, cet. Darus Salam), Sharh Sunnah wal Ushuul I'tiqaad Ahlis Jamaa'ah (I/79 no. 74).[19]. Sharh Sunnah wal Ushuul I'tiqaad Ahlis Jamaa'ah (I/71 no. 49 and 50).[20]. He is Fudhail bin 'bin Mas'ud Iyadh rahimahullah at-Tamimi, a famous ascetic, came from Khurasan and settled in Makkah, tsiqah, wara', 'alim, history taken by al-Bukhari and Muslim. See Taqriibut Tahdziib (II/15, no. 5448), Tahdziibut Tahdziib (VII/264, no. 540) and Nu-balaa A'laamin Siyar '(VIII/421).[21]. A Verification and Shaykh al-Albani takhrij rahimahullah[22]. He was a priest rahimahullah outstanding in intelligence, nobility, priesthood, kewara'an, asceticism, recitation, and pious faqih. His full name Abu 'Abdillah bin Ahmad bin Hilal bin Hanbal ash-Syaibani Asad, born in the year 164 H. A major Muhaddits Ahlus Sunnah. At the time of al-Ma'mun, he was forced to say that Al-Qur-an is a creature, so that he was beaten and jailed, but he refused to say. He still says Al-Qur-an is Kalamullah, not created.He died in Baghdad. He wrote several books and the most famous is al-Musnad fil Hadiits (Musnad Imam Ahmad). See A'laamin Nubalaa Siyar '(XI/177 no. 78).[23]. See the book Shariihus Sunnah by Imam ath-Thabary rahimahullah.[24]. See the book Wasathiyyah Ahlis Sunnah by Dr. bainal Firaq.Baa Baa Karim Muhammad Muhammad 'Abdullah (pp. 41-44).[25]. See the discussion of the main differences between the Ahlus Sunnah with the book of Manhaj Ahlis Asha'ira Sunnah wal Jamaa'ah wa fii Manhajil Asyaa'irah Tamhiidillaahi Ta'aalaa by Khalid bin 'Abd al-Nur Muhammad bin Lathif in 2 volumes, cet. I / Maktabah al-Ghuraba 'al-Atsariyyah, th. 1416 H.
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